無功補償技術的現狀及其發展趨勢

無功功率補償是(shi)保持(chi)電(dian)網高(gao)質量運行一種主要(yao)手段，也是(shi)當今電(dian)氣自(zi)動化技術(shu)及電(dian)力系統研(yan)究(jiu)領域所面臨一個重大課題，正(zheng)受(shou)到越來(lai)越多關注。

電(dian)網中無(wu)功(gong)不(bu)平衡主要有(you)兩方面原(yuan)因：是(shi)(shi)輸送部(bu)門傳送三相(xiang)電(dian)質(zhi)量不(bu)高(gao)，是(shi)(shi)用戶電(dian)氣(qi)性能不(bu)夠好(hao)。這兩方面原(yuan)因綜合起來導致了無(wu)功(gong)大量存。電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統中，電(dian)壓和頻(pin)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)衡量電(dian)能質(zhi)量兩個最重要指標。為確保電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統正常運行(xing)(xing)，供電(dian)電(dian)壓和頻(pin)率(lv)必須穩定一定范圍(wei)內。頻(pin)率(lv)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)切相(xiang)關，而電(dian)壓控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)重要方法之一就是(shi)(shi)對電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)進行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。靜(jing)止(zhi)無(wu)功(gong)補償歷史

將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器與網絡感性負荷(he)并(bing)聯是(shi)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)傳統方法，國內(nei)外獲了(le)廣泛應用。并(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)具(ju)有結(jie)構簡單、經濟方便等優點(dian)，但(dan)其(qi)阻抗(kang)是(shi)固定，故不能(neng)跟蹤負荷(he)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需求(qiu)變化，即(ji)不能(neng)實現對無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)動(dong)態(tai)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統發展，要求(qiu)對無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)進行動(dong)態(tai)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，產生了(le)同(tong)步(bu)調相機(ji)。它(ta)是(shi)專門用來產生無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)同(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，過勵磁(ci)或(huo)(huo)欠勵磁(ci)情況下，能(neng)夠分別發出(chu)不同(tong)大小(xiao)容(rong)性或(huo)(huo)感性無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。它(ta)是(shi)旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，運(yun)行中損耗和噪聲(sheng)都比較(jiao)大，運(yun)行維(wei)護復雜，響應速度慢，難(nan)以滿足快速動(dong)態(tai)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)要求(qiu)。

20世紀70年(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來，同(tong)步(bu)調相(xiang)機開始逐(zhu)漸補靜止無功補償裝置(zhi)所取(qu)代(dai)。早期靜止無功補償裝置(zhi)是飽和(he)電抗器型。飽和(he)電抗器比之同(tong)步(bu)調相(xiang)機具有(you)靜止、響應速度快等優點，但其鐵心需磁(ci)化到(dao)飽和(he)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，損耗(hao)和(he)噪聲很(hen)大，存非線性電路一(yi)些特殊(shu)問題，又(you)不(bu)(bu)能分(fen)相(xiang)調節(jie)以(yi)補償負(fu)荷不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡，未能占據(ju)主(zhu)流。

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子技術發展及其電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中應用，將晶(jing)閘管(guan)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止(zhi)無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)推上了無功(gong)補償舞臺，并逐(zhu)漸占(zhan)據了靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止(zhi)無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)導位，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止(zhi)無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)（SVC）成了專門使用晶(jing)閘管(guan)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止(zhi)無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止(zhi)無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)要包括晶(jing)閘管(guan)摧投切(qie)電(dian)抗器(qi)（TCR）和晶(jing)閘管(guan)投切(qie)電(dian)容器(qi)（TSC）。現就農網改(gai)造中應用最廣泛TSC技術性能做一下介(jie)紹(shao)。晶(jing)閘管(guan)投切(qie)電(dian)容器(qi)（TSC）控制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)

控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物理(li)量(liang)不(bu)同可分為(wei)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)多參量(liang)綜(zong)合(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是指(zhi)預先設定整定功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)cosφ，由檢(jian)測(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網實(shi)際(ji)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所需補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)組(zu)投(tou)(tou)入后，當cosφmin＜cosφ0＜cosφmax，且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)超過(guo)允(yun)許值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，能運行于(yu)穩定區。無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是指(zhi)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)等(deng)參數(shu)(shu)，計算出應(ying)該投(tou)(tou)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)，然后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)合(he)方式(shi)中選出一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)最(zui)接近(jin)但又不(bu)會過(guo)補(bu)償組(zu)合(he)方式(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)次到(dao)位。計算值(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)于(yu)最(zui)小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)（下(xia)限(xian)值(zhi)(zhi)），則應(ying)保持補(bu)償狀態(tai)不(bu)變(bian)。當所需容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)下(xia)限(xian)值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，才執行要相應(ying)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)。從控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策略來(lai)看，采(cai)用功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直接明(ming)了，但輕(qing)載時(shi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易(yi)產生(sheng)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)震蕩(dang)，重載時(shi)又不(bu)易(yi)達到(dao)充(chong)分補(bu)償；而(er)采(cai)用無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，檢(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標都是同一(yi)(yi)物理(li)量(liang)，技術上合(he)理(li)，但檢(jian)測(ce)難度稍(shao)大(da)(da)。但僅某一(yi)(yi)物理(li)量(liang)進行控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都有(you)其不(bu)足，現(xian)階段廣(guang)泛(fan)采(cai)用多參量(liang)綜(zong)合(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即以功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基礎，以無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)避免投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)振(zhen)蕩(dang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上限(xian)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下(xia)限(xian)值(zhi)(zhi)作為(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)組(zu)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)約束條件，實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)組(zu)智(zhi)能綜(zong)合(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。高效率(lv)(lv)微(wei)處理(li)芯片使(shi)用為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)多變(bian)量(liang)綜(zong)合(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提供(gong)了可能性。比(bi)較合(he)理(li)補(bu)償應(ying)做到(dao)最(zui)大(da)(da)限(xian)度利用補(bu)償設備提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)、不(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)過(guo)補(bu)償、無投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)振(zhen)蕩(dang)和(he)(he)無沖擊投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)。投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)方式(shi)

20世紀70年代(dai)補(bu)償柜都(dou)是(shi)采用(yong)機械式交流(liu)接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)，至今仍有(you)沿用(yong)。但接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)三相觸(chu)頭不(bu)(bu)能分別進(jin)行控(kong)制，要通(tong)則幾乎一(yi)起接(jie)通(tong)，要斷(duan)(duan)則幾乎一(yi)起斷(duan)(duan)開，無法(fa)選(xuan)擇最合(he)適相位角投入和切除電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，這(zhe)樣會產生不(bu)(bu)同沖(chong)(chong)擊電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。沖(chong)(chong)擊電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大，限(xian)制了(le)(le)一(yi)次投入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)值，不(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)把(ba)一(yi)次投入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)值化整為零，分幾次投入，這(zhe)將(jiang)降低補(bu)償準確性(xing)和減(jian)慢響(xiang)應速度(du)，常(chang)會引起接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)觸(chu)頭燒焊現象，使接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)斷(duan)(duan)不(bu)(bu)開，影響(xiang)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，實際使用(yong)時不(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)對(dui)觸(chu)頭經常(chang)進(jin)行維護和更換，這(zhe)影響(xiang)了(le)(le)整個(ge)裝置工(gong)(gong)(gong)作可靠(kao)性(xing)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)作壽命，也降低了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作準確性(xing)和動作響(xiang)應速度(du)。

現普遍采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)片機控(kong)制(zhi)大(da)(da)功(gong)率晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)來(lai)投切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，具有過零檢(jian)測、過零觸(chu)(chu)發優點(dian)，響應速(su)度快(kuai)，合閘涌流(liu)(liu)小，無操作過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)重燃，基本(ben)上解(jie)決了投切(qie)時(shi)交流(liu)(liu)接觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)經常拉弧(hu)至于燒結而損壞不(bu)良情況。開(kai)關器(qi)(qi)件可(ke)(ke)選擇(ze)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反并聯(lian)，也可(ke)(ke)選擇(ze)兩個(ge)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反并聯(lian)方式。采(cai)用(yong)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反并聯(lian)方式，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)峰(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)投入，晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過零時(shi)自動切(qie)斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)投或切(qie)，都不(bu)會產生沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，控(kong)制(zhi)簡便，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)無需放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可(ke)(ke)重新(xin)投入，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)頻繁投切(qie)，但晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)承受最大(da)(da)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓峰(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)兩倍(bei)。而采(cai)取兩個(ge)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反并聯(lian)方式，晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)關斷(duan)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)殘壓能迅速(su)放(fang)掉，那晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所承受最大(da)(da)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓峰(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)。兩種方式相比(bi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反并聯(lian)方式可(ke)(ke)靠性更高，損壞一個(ge)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，會導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)誤投入，響應速(su)度也比(bi)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反并聯(lian)方式快(kuai)，但投資(zi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，控(kong)制(zhi)更復雜。補償策略

目(mu)前可分為三(san)相(xiang)共補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)三(san)相(xiang)分補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兩種。三(san)相(xiang)共補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)三(san)相(xiang)總無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)需求(qiu)來投切電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)為三(san)角形(xing)。三(san)相(xiang)分補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)每相(xiang)各自(zi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)需求(qiu)投切電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)為星(xing)形(xing)。三(san)相(xiang)共補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)廣泛采用(yong)兩組晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)。提(ti)高(gao)運(yun)行可靠性(xing)，防止電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和(he)(he)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損(sun)壞(huai)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)投入時(shi)(shi)必須要(yao)(yao)有(you)過(guo)零(ling)檢測(ce)(ce)，即(ji)當晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)兩端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等于(yu)零(ling)時(shi)(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)才(cai)導通。實際上電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕對(dui)過(guo)零(ling)很難做到(dao)(dao)，會存(cun)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)暫態過(guo)程，但線路電(dian)(dian)參數配(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)(he)合(he)(he)(he)理，這個過(guo)程持續時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)長，并很快過(guo)渡到(dao)(dao)穩定(ding)狀態。值注意是(shi)，當晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)切除后，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)均存(cun)著(zhu)很高(gao)殘壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，這對(dui)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也提(ti)出(chu)了(le)更高(gao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。器(qi)件(jian)(jian)選擇(ze)不(bu)當或保(bao)護(hu)不(bu)夠，常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)會造成晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)燒毀(hui)。三(san)相(xiang)共補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適用(yong)于(yu)三(san)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)較(jiao)平(ping)(ping)衡場合(he)(he)(he)，三(san)相(xiang)分補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡場合(he)(he)(he)則(ze)(ze)(ze)能(neng)(neng)做到(dao)(dao)真正(zheng)三(san)相(xiang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)衡。把三(san)相(xiang)共補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)三(san)相(xiang)分補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he)，便(bian)實現補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)綜合(he)(he)(he)方案—混補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)于(yu)任何(he)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)。先三(san)角形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組中(zhong)選擇(ze)三(san)相(xiang)共同(tong)(tong)需要(yao)(yao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，進行共補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，然后星(xing)形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組合(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)選擇(ze)單相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)剩余不(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡狀況(kuang)，既避免了(le)過(guo)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或欠補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)現象(xiang)出(chu)現，又節省了(le)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，降低(di)了(le)成本，具有(you)很好(hao)經濟性(xing)。發(fa)展趨勢(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術日新(xin)月異以(yi)(yi)及各門學科交叉影響，靜(jing)止無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)發(fa)展趨勢(shi)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)以(yi)(yi)下幾點(dian)：（1）城網改(gai)(gai)造中(zhong)，運(yun)行單位(wei)往往需要(yao)(yao)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)加裝無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)和(he)(he)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)綜合(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)試儀，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)和(he)(he)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)綜合(he)(he)(he)測(ce)(ce)試儀一(yi)體化(hua)問題。（2）快速準確檢測(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)參數，提(ti)高(gao)動態響應時(shi)(shi)間，快速投切電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)，以(yi)(yi)滿足(zu)工作條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)較(jiao)惡劣情況(kuang)（如(ru)大沖擊負(fu)(fu)荷(he)或負(fu)(fu)荷(he)波(bo)動較(jiao)頻繁場合(he)(he)(he)）。計算機數字控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術和(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)理論發(fa)展，可以(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)中(zhong)引(yin)入一(yi)些先進控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)，如(ru)模糊(hu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等。（3）目(mu)前無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)技(ji)術還主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)受到(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)水平(ping)(ping)限制(zhi)，是(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)入，如(ru)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)鐵道(dao)牽引(yin)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所等。研制(zhi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)動態無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置則(ze)(ze)(ze)具有(you)重要(yao)(yao)意義(yi)，關鍵問題是(shi)要(yao)(yao)解決補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，即(ji)多個晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)元件(jian)(jian)串(chuan)聯及均壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、觸發(fa)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)性(xing)等。（4）由單一(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)具有(you)濾波(bo)以(yi)(yi)及抑(yi)制(zhi)諧(xie)波(bo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術發(fa)展和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品推廣應用(yong)，供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)或負(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)含有(you)大量(liang)(liang)諧(xie)波(bo)。研制(zhi)開發(fa)兼有(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)與電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)濾波(bo)器(qi)雙重優點(dian)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)開關濾波(bo)器(qi)，將(jiang)成為改(gai)(gai)善系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數、抑(yi)制(zhi)諧(xie)波(bo)、穩定(ding)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、改(gai)(gai)善電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)有(you)效手段。